Byextending the growing season, greenhouse growing enables the cultivation of organic, pesticide-free produce all year round.
无论你是有一个小温室,只种植你最喜欢的几种植物,还是你的整个菜园依赖于一个巨大的结构,选择适合你需要的温室材料是在春天获得丰收的关键。
虽然进入温室种植似乎是一项艰巨的任务,但有了正确的信息,你可以决定哪个温室最适合你,并开始建设!2022世界杯四强亚盘赔率继续阅读,了解更多关于所有不同的温室材料,以及什么最适合你的特定需求和不断增长的需求。
Greenhouse Structure
温室的设计对温室的生产效率和能源效率有很大的影响。虽然也有其他材料可供选择,但许多人使用金属框架来创造一个自由跨度的室内空间。
The basic structure of a greenhouse includes rafters, an end wall, side posts, sidewalls, and purlins (horizontal beams to the rafters). From these components come three types of greenhouses, thelean-to, detached, and gutter connected.近年来,DIY温室结构越来越受欢迎。
Each of these structures can be used for commercial or personal use, but some may be better for different purposes. For example, the lean-to greenhouse is usually attached to houses, and for this reason, it is mainly used for personal gardens.
In contrast, the detached greenhouse can be placed almost anywhere, making them usable for commercial and non-commercial use alike. Lastly, gutter connected greenhouses are used by commercial growers because you can attach multiple greenhouses together.
The structure, flooring, and greenhouse coverings can each be made froma combination of materials, each changing the effectiveness of your greenhouse. Plants are only as strong as their greenhouse, making it important for you to use the right building materials for an environment your plants will thrive in.
Structure
The structure of the greenhouse can be made from aluminum, galvanized steel, wood, or plastic. All the different greenhouse materials havedifferent structures and panel types they work best with.例如,钢框架是聚乙烯片或聚氯乙烯(PVC)基织物的良好选择。如果你预算有限,塑料也是一个不错的选择,因为它不会像木头那样因潮湿而腐烂。
Flooring
Typical flooring materials for a greenhouse areconcrete, porous concrete, gravel, and dirt.地板材料会影响温室的热效率和透光率。
You should be wary of using gravel or dirt flooring because they do not retain heat or protect your plants from pests. Alternatively, porous concrete allows water to drain, retains heat better, and protects your plants from pests by creating an impenetrable barrier.
Cover
你可以用玻璃、玻璃纤维、丙烯酸、双层聚乙烯薄膜、聚氯乙烯和聚碳酸酯来覆盖你的温室。覆盖物是温室最重要的部分,因为它会影响植物接收到的光线。
不同的材料允许特定数量的光通过,并提供不同数量的扩散。在选择遮阳材料时,你应该小心谨慎,因为太多的光线会让植物过热,而遮阳会导致植物因缺乏能量而死亡。
Glass Greenhouses
当人们想到温室时,玻璃结构通常会浮现在脑海中。玻璃温室可能是最好看的选择,但它们往往缺乏能源效率,而且成本高昂。
If you choose to use glass, keep in mind that glass does not diffuse light, so you will need to decide on a diffusion method for your plants. There are two main types of glass greenhouses you can choose from, single pane and double pane.
Single Pane
These greenhouses aren’t suitable for northern gardeners, where crops are grown in colder climates. Single pane glass greenhouses are fragile, break often, and can’t withstand the weight of snow. The single-pane greenhouse is also the least energy-efficient greenhouse because the single pane allows heat to escape.
单层玻璃温室对光线的传输非常好,但在阳光过多会灼伤植物的地区,这仍然是一个问题。这些缺点,再加上玻璃昂贵的事实,意味着单层玻璃温室更适合形式而不是功能。
Furthermore, the heating costs can be double, or even triple, the amount of a double pane or PVC based fabric greenhouse. The thermal insulation value, or R-value, of a single-pane glass greenhouse is about 0.9, so you will need to find a way to heat your greenhouse in colder months.
Double Pane
Double pane glass greenhouses are designed to be more energy-efficient without compromising traditional style. If you still want a glass style greenhouse, the double pane glass can reduce your heating cost by half.
这些温室的r值在1.5到2.0之间,这使得它们在隔热方面比单层玻璃更好。Double pane glass greenhouses can alsohave a coating applied to the insideto reflect heat and add more insulation to the greenhouse. Before you buy a double pane greenhouse, you should also know that these are usually the most expensive type of greenhouse.
Polycarbonate Greenhouses
Polycarbonate greenhouses are made from thick plastic, making them cheaper and more versatile than most glass greenhouses. This material is superior to glass in some ways, however, there are still many issues. These greenhouses most commonly come with a single-wall or twin-wall polycarbonate sheeting.
Single-wall
While single-wall polycarbonate is more durable than glass, it still has many issues that you need to take into consideration. The single-wall polycarbonate sheets do not diffuse light or insulate heat well. In fact, theR-value of single-wall polycarbonate material is 0.83,while horticultural glass has an R-value of 0.93.
单壁聚碳酸酯在透光性方面也不如玻璃。约94-96%的光通过单壁聚碳酸酯,而97-98%的光通过园艺玻璃。Single-wall polycarbonate is not ideal for growers becausethe material is flammable, making it difficult to insure.
Twin-wall
Twin-wall polycarbonate is better than single-wall polycarbonate in almost every way. The R-value of twin-wall polycarbonate is 1.42, making it better than single-pane glass or single-wall polycarbonate. Twin-wall polycarbonate also diffuses light, but only 80-84% of light passes through the panels.
此外,众所周知,聚碳酸酯板会随着时间的推移而变云。这种浑浊被称为泛黄效应。如果你购买聚碳酸酯面板,你需要监测黄变效果,因为它会减少通过面板的光。Condensation is an additional issue for twin-wall polycarbonate, which canlead to diseases in plants and poor light retention.
Polyethylene
Polyethylene film is inexpensive and lightweight, making it easy to use. Thepolyethylene (poly) filmis typically made of one or two layers. Oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass through this greenhouse film because it is porous, allowing plants to breathe in a tightly sealed greenhouse.
Poly plastic films are great for growers because you can customize the material with different coatings. A UV stabilizer can be used on the poly film to reduce sun degradation and yellowing, while an anti-drip coat will prevent excessive condensation. Another useful coat is the poly glazing that diffuses light. The diffusion coat allows growers to maximize space by ensuring all plants receive sunlight.
In comparison to glass, poly film reduces heat loss by 30-40%. Most poly film also ranges withan R-value of 0.87 to 1.7.单层聚膜的r值为0.87,而双层聚膜的r值为1.5 ~ 1.7。不幸的是,聚膜仍然是适度易燃,把它放在玻璃和聚碳酸酯之间。
Fiberglass
玻璃纤维增强塑料(FRP)是你的温室的另一个很好的选择。玻璃钢散射阳光,在整个温室提供良好的扩散和光传输,可以持续长达10年。玻璃纤维面板的r值为0.89,略优于玻璃。However,UV rays break down the fiberglassover time, making the cover brittle. To maintain the strength of your fiberglass panels, you need to apply a new UV coating every few years.
PVC Fabric
In terms of durability, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) fabric is the best choice. Some PVC fabrics can withstand heavy snow loads and offer increased insulation, making them good for growers in colder climates.
Translucent PVC fabrics with UV-treatments, including types engineered with UV stabilizers, allow light diffusion for your plants. The UV-treatment also prevents a yellowing affect in the fabric. For safety and insurance purposes, the PVC fabric can also be made flame retardant. Another benefit of PVC fabric is that installation is easy and doesn’t require special skills, so you can set up your greenhouse quickly.
Other Tips for Proper Light And Heat Efficiency
温室可能会做大部分的工作,但还有一些其他的方法可以提高温室的效率。One way to give your plants extra installation is byusing black pots.黑色的花盆可以保温,让植物的根部保持温暖,因为黑色能吸引光线。如果你生活在一个炎热的气候,你应该小心使用黑色的花盆,因为太多的阳光会导致你的植物过热。
当你建造温室时,除了花盆,不要使用深色。Dark frames and mirrored surfaces, like aluminum,can absorb lightyour plant needs.
Benches and shelves in your garden should be painted in light colors, preferably white, because they will diffuse light. For this same reason, you should not use light colors for your pots.
Caulking is important to the energy efficiency of your greenhouse, especially in glass and polycarbonate greenhouses. Caulk is used to seal the panels of the greenhouse, and in the process willinsulate, weatherproof, and pest-proof your greenhouse.你也可以通过使用填塞物来减少过多的水分,以免植物生病。
无论你选择用什么来建造自己的温室,它都会为一年四季的可持续植物种植提供庇护。这意味着你去商店购买农产品的次数减少了,也减少了你对那些为了方便而跨洲运输蔬菜的公司的贡献。即使是一个只有几棵幼苗生长的小温室,也会使自给自足的程度提高一点!
As a greenhouse grower, you are taking proactive steps to become self-sufficient and sustainable like other gardeners, except that you can grow in any season.
Article contributed by Rory Bagley.
Ron Simmonssays
去年退休。我和妻子打算开始搞温室园艺。此外,我们正在缩小规模,并转移到更小的足迹。我们的计划是把许多室内植物搬进温室。因此,温室将既是一个花园,也是一个放松和欣赏我们的植物的地方。
Erastussays
I want to start cheap green house
John Russosays
I need to know the available dimensions of green house roofing that you sell. I have old or recycled window panes I plan to use for the walls. I wish to get the dimensions of roof panels available these I would purchase. I plan to construct a knee wall of cement block with a gravel floor. The material I am interested in is the double pane polycarbonate.