Byextending the growing season, greenhouse growing enables the cultivation of organic, pesticide-free produce all year round.
Whether you have a small greenhouse for just a few of your favorite plants, or your entire vegetable garden is reliant on a huge structure, choosing the right greenhouse materials for your needs is key to having a bountiful harvest come spring.
虽然进入温室种植似乎是一项艰巨的任务,但有了正确的信息,你可以决定哪个温室最适合你,并开始建设!2022世界杯四强亚盘赔率继续阅读,了解更多关于所有不同的温室材料,以及什么最适合你的特定需求和不断增长的需求。
Greenhouse Structure
温室的设计对温室的生产效率和能源效率有很大的影响。虽然也有其他材料可供选择,但许多人使用金属框架来创造一个自由跨度的室内空间。
The basic structure of a greenhouse includes rafters, an end wall, side posts, sidewalls, and purlins (horizontal beams to the rafters). From these components come three types of greenhouses, thelean-to, detached, and gutter connected. In recent years, DIY greenhouse structures have become increasingly popular.
Each of these structures can be used for commercial or personal use, but some may be better for different purposes. For example, the lean-to greenhouse is usually attached to houses, and for this reason, it is mainly used for personal gardens.
In contrast, the detached greenhouse can be placed almost anywhere, making them usable for commercial and non-commercial use alike. Lastly, gutter connected greenhouses are used by commercial growers because you can attach multiple greenhouses together.
The structure, flooring, and greenhouse coverings can each be made froma combination of materials, each changing the effectiveness of your greenhouse. Plants are only as strong as their greenhouse, making it important for you to use the right building materials for an environment your plants will thrive in.
Structure
The structure of the greenhouse can be made from aluminum, galvanized steel, wood, or plastic. All the different greenhouse materials havedifferent structures and panel types they work best with. Steel frames, for example, are a good choice for polyethylene sheets or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based fabrics. If you’re on a budget, plastic is also a good option that won’t rot from moisture like wood.
Flooring
Typical flooring materials for a greenhouse areconcrete, porous concrete, gravel, and dirt. Flooring material affects both your greenhouse’s heat efficiency and light transmission.
你应该小心使用砾石或泥土地板,因为它们不能保持热量或保护你的植物免受虫害。另外,多孔混凝土可以排水,更好地保持热量,并通过创造一个不可穿透的屏障来保护你的植物免受虫害。
Cover
你可以用玻璃、玻璃纤维、丙烯酸、双层聚乙烯薄膜、聚氯乙烯和聚碳酸酯来覆盖你的温室。覆盖物是温室最重要的部分,因为它会影响植物接收到的光线。
不同的材料允许特定数量的光通过,并提供不同数量的扩散。在选择遮阳材料时,你应该小心谨慎,因为太多的光线会让植物过热,而遮阳会导致植物因缺乏能量而死亡。
Glass Greenhouses
When people think about greenhouses, a glass structure usually comes to mind. Glass greenhouses are probably the best looking option, but they often lack energy efficiency and can be costly.
If you choose to use glass, keep in mind that glass does not diffuse light, so you will need to decide on a diffusion method for your plants. There are two main types of glass greenhouses you can choose from, single pane and double pane.
Single Pane
These greenhouses aren’t suitable for northern gardeners, where crops are grown in colder climates. Single pane glass greenhouses are fragile, break often, and can’t withstand the weight of snow. The single-pane greenhouse is also the least energy-efficient greenhouse because the single pane allows heat to escape.
单层玻璃温室对光线的传输非常好,但在阳光过多会灼伤植物的地区,这仍然是一个问题。这些缺点,再加上玻璃昂贵的事实,意味着单层玻璃温室更适合形式而不是功能。
Furthermore, the heating costs can be double, or even triple, the amount of a double pane or PVC based fabric greenhouse. The thermal insulation value, or R-value, of a single-pane glass greenhouse is about 0.9, so you will need to find a way to heat your greenhouse in colder months.
Double Pane
Double pane glass greenhouses are designed to be more energy-efficient without compromising traditional style. If you still want a glass style greenhouse, the double pane glass can reduce your heating cost by half.
这些温室的r值在1.5到2.0之间,这使得它们在隔热方面比单层玻璃更好。Double pane glass greenhouses can alsohave a coating applied to the insideto reflect heat and add more insulation to the greenhouse. Before you buy a double pane greenhouse, you should also know that these are usually the most expensive type of greenhouse.
Polycarbonate Greenhouses
Polycarbonate greenhouses are made from thick plastic, making them cheaper and more versatile than most glass greenhouses. This material is superior to glass in some ways, however, there are still many issues. These greenhouses most commonly come with a single-wall or twin-wall polycarbonate sheeting.
Single-wall
While single-wall polycarbonate is more durable than glass, it still has many issues that you need to take into consideration. The single-wall polycarbonate sheets do not diffuse light or insulate heat well. In fact, theR-value of single-wall polycarbonate material is 0.83,while horticultural glass has an R-value of 0.93.
单壁聚碳酸酯在透光性方面也不如玻璃。约94-96%的光通过单壁聚碳酸酯,而97-98%的光通过园艺玻璃。Single-wall polycarbonate is not ideal for growers becausethe material is flammable,这使得保险变得困难。
Twin-wall
Twin-wall polycarbonate is better than single-wall polycarbonate in almost every way. The R-value of twin-wall polycarbonate is 1.42, making it better than single-pane glass or single-wall polycarbonate. Twin-wall polycarbonate also diffuses light, but only 80-84% of light passes through the panels.
In addition, polycarbonate panels are known to cloud over time. This clouding is called the yellowing affect. If you buy polycarbonate panels, you need to monitor the yellowing effect because it will reduce the light that passes through the panels. Condensation is an additional issue for twin-wall polycarbonate, which canlead to diseases in plants and poor light retention.
Polyethylene
Polyethylene film is inexpensive and lightweight, making it easy to use. Thepolyethylene (poly) filmis typically made of one or two layers. Oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass through this greenhouse film because it is porous, allowing plants to breathe in a tightly sealed greenhouse.
聚塑料薄膜对于种植者来说是非常好的,因为你可以用不同的涂层来定制材料。紫外线稳定剂可以用于聚膜,以减少太阳降解和黄变,而防滴涂层将防止过度凝结。另一种有用的涂层是漫射光的聚玻璃。扩散层可以让种植者通过确保所有植物都能得到阳光来最大限度地扩大空间。
In comparison to glass, poly film reduces heat loss by 30-40%. Most poly film also ranges withan R-value of 0.87 to 1.7. The single-layered poly film has an R-value of 0.87, whereas double-layered poly film varies from 1.5 to 1.7. Unfortunately, poly film is still moderately flammable, placing it between glass and polycarbonate.
Fiberglass
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) is another good option for your greenhouse. FRP scatters sunlight, providing good diffusion and light transmission throughout your greenhouse, and can last up to 10 years. The panels of fiberglass have an R-value of 0.89, which is slightly better than glass. However,UV rays break down the fiberglassover time, making the cover brittle. To maintain the strength of your fiberglass panels, you need to apply a new UV coating every few years.
PVC Fabric
In terms of durability, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) fabric is the best choice. Some PVC fabrics can withstand heavy snow loads and offer increased insulation, making them good for growers in colder climates.
Translucent PVC fabrics with UV-treatments, including types engineered with UV stabilizers, allow light diffusion for your plants. The UV-treatment also prevents a yellowing affect in the fabric. For safety and insurance purposes, the PVC fabric can also be made flame retardant. Another benefit of PVC fabric is that installation is easy and doesn’t require special skills, so you can set up your greenhouse quickly.
Other Tips for Proper Light And Heat Efficiency
温室可能会做大部分的工作,但还有一些其他的方法可以提高温室的效率。One way to give your plants extra installation is byusing black pots. The black pots will hold heat, keeping the roots of your plants warm, due to the fact that black color attracts light. If you live in a hot climate, you should be careful using black pots because too much sun can cause your plants to overheat.
当你建造温室时,除了花盆,不要使用深色。Dark frames and mirrored surfaces, like aluminum,can absorb lightyour plant needs.
Benches and shelves in your garden should be painted in light colors, preferably white, because they will diffuse light. For this same reason, you should not use light colors for your pots.
Caulking is important to the energy efficiency of your greenhouse, especially in glass and polycarbonate greenhouses. Caulk is used to seal the panels of the greenhouse, and in the process willinsulate, weatherproof, and pest-proof your greenhouse. You can also reduce excess moisture that introduces disease to your plants by using caulk.
无论你选择用什么来建造自己的温室,它都会为一年四季的可持续植物种植提供庇护。这意味着你去商店购买农产品的次数减少了,也减少了你对那些为了方便而跨洲运输蔬菜的公司的贡献。即使是一个只有几棵幼苗生长的小温室,也会使自给自足的程度提高一点!
作为一名温室种植者,你正在采取积极措施,像其他园丁一样自给自足和可持续发展,除了你可以在任何季节生长。
Article contributed by Rory Bagley.
Ron Simmonssays
去年退休。我和妻子打算开始搞温室园艺。此外,我们正在缩小规模,并转移到更小的足迹。我们的计划是把许多室内植物搬进温室。因此,温室将既是一个花园,也是一个放松和欣赏我们的植物的地方。
Erastussays
I want to start cheap green house
John Russosays
I need to know the available dimensions of green house roofing that you sell. I have old or recycled window panes I plan to use for the walls. I wish to get the dimensions of roof panels available these I would purchase. I plan to construct a knee wall of cement block with a gravel floor. The material I am interested in is the double pane polycarbonate.